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How to Extend User Model in Django

Django’s built-in User model is useful, but it may not always meet your requirements. Fortunately, Django provides a way to extend the User model to add additional fields and methods. In this article, we’ll walk through the process of extending the User model by creating a small web project that displays a custom user profile, showcasing the popular site GeeksforGeeks.

How to Extend User Model in Django

We’ll create a Django project named user_project and an app called user_app. This project will demonstrate how to extend the User model and display user profiles.

Step 1: Setting Up the Django Project

First, ensure you have Django installed. If not, install it using pip:

pip install django

Create a new Django project:

django-admin startproject user_project
cd user_project

Create a new Django app:

python manage.py startapp user_app

Add the app to your project’s settings. Open user_project/settings.py and add ‘user_app’ to INSTALLED_APPS:

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'user_app',
]
3file

Step 2: Extending the User Model

There are two main ways to extend the User model in Django: using a one-to-one link or subclassing the AbstractUser model. We’ll use the one-to-one link method.

Create a new model in user_app/models.py:

Python 
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class Profile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    bio = models.TextField(max_length=500, blank=True)
    website = models.URLField(blank=True)
    location = models.CharField(max_length=30, blank=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.user.username

Run the following commands to create and apply the migrations for the new model:

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

Step 3: Register same in admin.py file

Python 
from user_app.models import Profile

admin.site.register(Profile)

Createsuperuser using the below command as much you want to create

python manage.py createsuperuser
3d

Step 4: Creating and Displaying User Profiles

Create a signal to automatically create or update the user profile whenever a User instance is created or updated. Add the following to user_app/signals.py:

Python 
from django.db.models.signals import post_save
from django.dispatch import receiver
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from .models import Profile

@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def create_user_profile(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
    if created:
        Profile.objects.create(user=instance)

@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def save_user_profile(sender, instance, **kwargs):
    instance.profile.save()

Connect the signals in user_app/apps.py:

Python 
from django.apps import AppConfig

class UserAppConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'user_app'

    def ready(self):
        import user_app.signals

Update user_app/__init__.py to include the app configuration:

Python 
default_app_config = 'user_app.apps.UserAppConfig'

Create a view to display user profiles in user_app/views.py:

Python 
from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Profile

def profile_view(request, username):
    profile = Profile.objects.get(user__username=username)
    return render(request, 'profile.html', {'profile': profile})

Create a URL configuration in user_app/urls.py:

Python 
from django.urls import path
from .views import profile_view

urlpatterns = [
    path('profile/<str:username>/', profile_view, name='profile_view'),
]

Include this app’s URLs in the project’s URL configuration. Edit user_project/urls.py:

Python 
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include('user_app.urls')),
]

Step 5: Creating Templates

Create a template to display the user profile in user_app/templates/profile.html:

HTML 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Profile - {{ profile.user.username }}</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>{{ profile.user.username }}</h1>
    <p><strong>Bio:</strong> {{ profile.bio }}</p>
    <p><strong>Website:</strong> <a href="{{ profile.website }}">{{ profile.website }}</a></p>
    <p><strong>Location:</strong> {{ profile.location }}</p>
</body>
</html>

Step 6: Running the Server

Run the development server to test your project:

python manage.py runserver

Visit http://127.0.0.1:8000/profile/<username>/ in your browser, replacing <username> with the username of a registered user. You should see the user’s profile information.

Video Demonstration 




Reffered: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org

Python

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Category:
 Coding
Sub Category:
 Tutorial
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