The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex or Golgi body, plays an important role in the functioning of eukaryotic cells. It is essential for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids that are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

1. Protein Modification: After proteins are synthesized in the rough ER, they are transported to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles. Within the Golgi, these proteins undergo further modifications, such as glycosylation (addition of carbohydrate groups) and phosphorylation (addition of phosphate groups), which are necessary for their proper functioning and stability.
2. Sorting and Packaging: The Golgi apparatus sorts proteins and lipids and packages them into vesicles. These vesicles are then directed to their targets, including lysosomes, the cell membrane, or secretion outside the cell. This ensures that cellular components are delivered to the correct locations, maintaining cellular organization and function.
3. Lipid Transport: The Golgi is involved in the synthesis and transport of lipids. It modifies lipids from the ER and ensures they are properly distributed within the cell, which is important for maintaining cell membrane integrity and producing various signaling molecules.
4. Secretion: Cells that secrete large amounts of substances, such as enzymes and hormones, depend on the Golgi apparatus. It packages these substances into secretory vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane to release their contents outside the cell.

The Golgi apparatus is important for maintaining cellular organization, communication, and overall cell health.

Relevant Links:

• Cell Organelles – Structure, Types and their Functions
• Diagram of Eukaryotic Cell
• Endomembrane System – Overview, Structure, and Functions