|
NCERT Solutions Class-11 Geography Chapter-11 World Climate and Climate Change: This article includes free NCERT Solutions Class-11 Geography Chapter 11: World Climate and Climate Change according to the latest CBSE Syllabus 2024-25, and guidelines.
It has been developed by the subject matter experts at GFG, to help the students of Class 11 create a solid conceptual base for NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 11: World Climate and Climate Change and help them solve questions for exams.
NCERT Solutions Class-11 Geography Chapter 11 World Climate and Climate Change
Page No. 98
Que 1. Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which one of the following is suitable for Koeppen’s “A” type of climate?
(a) High rainfall in all the months
(b) Mean monthly temperature of the coldest month more than freezing point
(c) Mean monthly temperature of all the months more than 18o C
(d) Average temperature for all the months below 10° C
Answer:
(a) High rainfall in all the months
(ii) Koeppen’s system of classification of climates can be termed as :
(a) Applied (b) Systematic (c) Genetic (d) Empirical
Answer:
(d) Empirical
(iii) Most of the Indian Peninsula will be grouped according to Koeppen’s system under:
(a) “Af” (b) “BSh” (c) “Cfb” (d) “Am”
Answer:
(d) “Am”
(iv) Which one of the following years is supposed to have recorded the warmest temperature the world over?
(a) 1990 (b) 1998 (c) 1885 (d) 1950
Answer:
(b) 1998
(v) Which one of the following groups of four climates represents humid conditions?
(a) A—B—C—E
(b) A—C—D—E
(c) B—C—D—E
(d) A—C—D—F
Answer:
(b) A—C—D—E
Que 2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Which two climatic variables are used by Koeppen for classification of the climate?
Answer:
Koeppen’s climate classification system is based on two main climatic variables: temperature and precipitation. These variables help categorize different climate types around the world based on their characteristic temperature and precipitation patterns.
(ii) How is the “genetic” system of classification different from the “empirical one”?
Answer:
Empirical classification relies on observed data, especially temperature and precipitation patterns, to categorize climates. On the other hand, genetic classification focuses on organizing climates based on their underlying causes or mechanisms.
(iii) Which types of climates have very low range of temperature?
Answer:
Tropical humid climates, found between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, have a very narrow range of temperature variation. These regions experience consistently high temperatures throughout the year due to their proximity to the equator and abundant sunlight.
(iv) What type of climatic conditions would prevail if the sun spots increase?
Answer:
When the number of sunspots increases, it correlates with cooler and wetter weather patterns on Earth. This phenomenon is known as solar variability. It can lead to changes in atmospheric circulation patterns, resulting in cooler temperatures, increased precipitation, and greater storminess in certain regions.
3. Answer the following questions in about 150 words.
(i) Make a comparison of the climatic conditions between the “A” and “B” types of climate.
Answer:
|
Aspect
|
“A” Type of Climate
|
“B” Type of Climate
|
|
Geographical Distribution
|
Found within tropical regions, between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
|
Located in subtropical regions, in the low or mid-latitudes away from the equator
|
|
Temperature and Rainfall Patterns
|
High temperatures throughout the year; abundant rainfall; low annual temperature ranges
|
High temperatures but limited rainfall; significant annual temperature ranges; hot days and cool nights
|
|
Subtypes
|
Divided into Af (Tropical wet climate), Am (Tropical monsoon climate), and Aw (Tropical wet and dry climate)
|
Divided into BS (Steppe or semi-arid climate) and BW (Desert climate)
|
|
Vegetation
|
Supports lush vegetation like tropical rainforests, savannas, and tropical grasslands
|
Vegetation adapted to arid conditions, including desert plants like cacti, succulents, and drought-resistant shrubs
|
(ii) What type of vegetation would you find in the “C” and “A” type(s) of climate?
Answer:
In the “A” type of climate, the conditions are ideal for lush vegetation due to the overhead sun and high rainfall. This climate supports diverse ecosystems, including:
- Tropical Wet Climate: Characterized by dense tropical rainforests with a high canopy cover and rich biodiversity.
- Tropical Wet and Dry Climate: Features deciduous forests and tree-dotted grasslands, where vegetation adapts to seasonal changes in rainfall.
The “C” type of climate, which consists warm temperate regions between 30° to 50° latitude, mainly on continental margins, supports a different kind of vegetation:
- Warm Temperate Climates: These areas experience warm summers and mild winters, similar to tropical forests. They feature broadleaf trees that form a continuous and dense canopy in summer, shedding their leaves in winter. Shorter trees, shrubs, and rapidly growing plants like ferns and mosses thrive in spring and summer but disappear in winter.
(iii) What do you understand by the term “Greenhouse Gases”? Make a list of greenhouse gases.
Answer:
Greenhouse gases are gases in the Earth’s atmosphere that trap heat and contribute to the greenhouse effect, leading to global warming and climate change. These gases allow sunlight to enter the atmosphere, but they trap some of the heat radiated from the Earth’s surface, preventing it from escaping into space. As a result, the temperature of the Earth’s surface and atmosphere increases, causing changes in climate patterns.
The primary greenhouse gases include:
- Carbon dioxide (CO2)
- Methane (CH4)
- Nitrous oxide (N2O)
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
- Ozone (O3)
Related Links
FAQs NCERT Solutions Class-11 Geography Chapter-11: World Climate and Climate Change
What is Koeppen’s classification system, and how does it categorize climates?
Koeppen’s classification system categorizes climates based on temperature and precipitation patterns. It divides climates into categories like tropical, dry, temperate, continental, and polar, each with its own characteristics.
What are the main factors that influence world climate?
The main factors influencing world climate include latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, ocean currents, and prevailing winds. These factors determine temperature, precipitation, and other climatic conditions in different regions.
How do greenhouse gases contribute to climate change?
Greenhouse gases trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, leading to the greenhouse effect. Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, increase the concentration of greenhouse gases, causing global temperatures to rise and resulting in climate change.
What are some impacts of climate change on ecosystems and human societies?
Climate change can lead to shifts in ecosystems, affecting plant and animal habitats, migration patterns, and biodiversity. It also impacts human societies by affecting agriculture, water resources, health, and livelihoods, and increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events.
How can we adapt to and mitigate the effects of climate change?
Adaptation measures include building resilient infrastructure, implementing sustainable agricultural practices, and developing early warning systems for natural disasters. Mitigation strategies involve reducing greenhouse gas emissions through renewable energy adoption, afforestation, and energy efficiency measures.
|
