Species and populations are 2 closely related concepts in biology:

• Species: A species is a group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can interbreed to produce fertile offspring. Members of the same species are capable of exchanging genetic material and producing viable offspring through sexual reproduction. Species are often defined based on their ability to reproduce and form distinct populations.
• Populations: A population consists of all the individuals of the same species that live in a particular area and interact with one another. Populations are characterized by factors such as population size, density, distribution, and genetic variation. They represent the units of evolution and ecological processes, as changes in population characteristics over time can influence the ecosystems and the genetic composition of species.

Species and populations are interconnected concepts, as populations are composed of individuals belonging to the same species. Changes in population dynamics, such as fluctuations in population size or genetic composition, can impact the overall health and persistence of species. Likewise, the evolution and adaptation of species occur within the context of populations, with genetic variation and natural selection acting on the individuals within populations to drive evolutionary change. Therefore, understanding the relationship between species and populations is essential for studying biodiversity, ecology, and evolutionary biology.

Relevant Links:

• Organism and Population Notes Class 12 Biology Chapter 11
• How Many Species Are There On Earth And How Many In India?
• Concept of Species
• Five Levels of Ecology
• Population Interactions
• Community Ecology Definition & Examples