Types of Agriculture is a subpart of the Class 12 Geography Chapter 4 which is entitled as the Primary Activities. Agriculture is the practice of producing different crops under so many variety of physical and socio-economic circumstances. The process of agriculture results to follow different types of agricultural systems. In the whole world, there are different crops and livestock that can be cultivated based on the different types of agricultural practices. 

In this article, we are going to discuss the Class 12 Geography Chapter 4 subpart Types of Agriculture in detail.

Subsistence Agriculture

Subsistence Agriculture is a form of agriculture where the cultivators or farmers consume almost all the products. In this farming the farms are tiny. There are two types of Subsistence Agriculture as mentioned below.

Primitive Subsistence Agriculture

Primitive Subsistence Agriculture is a common agricultural pattern in the tropical region of Africa and different parts of the Middle East. This type of farming can be seen in Central America and Southeast Asia. Milpa, ladang, and jumping are the different regions. This type of agriculture is known as shifting agriculture as the duration of this type of agriculture spans between 3-5 years. 

Intensive Subsistence Agriculture

Intensive Subsistence Agriculture is a common agricultural pattern that is common in monsoon Asia. These areas are highly populated. Paddy is the dominant crop of this region and the most cultivated crop in this pattern. The production per unit is great and not so much equipment needed for this type of cultivation as well. Northern China, Manchuria, North Korea, and Japan are actively dependent on this type of farming. 

Plantation Agriculture

Plantation Agriculture is generally introduced by the Europeans. They introduced the cultivation of cocoa and coffee in West Africa, and tea in India and Sri Lanka. Rubber is also produced through farming in Malaysia. There are different ways of Plantation Agriculture as mentioned below. 

Commercial Grain Cultivation in an Extensive Way

This process is done in an interior in the semi-arid and mid-latitude regions. The Eurasian steppes and Canadian and American Prairies are examples. Here are of some of the major processes as mentioned below. 

Mixed Farming

This type of farming can be seen in North Western Europe, Eastern North America, and some locations of Eurasia. This type of farming is practised in the temperate latitude regions. Crop cultivation and animal husbandry are also practiced here and oats, barley, rye, and maize are the major crops. Crop rotation is common in this type of farming. 

Dairy Farming

Dairy farming is practiced in Europe, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Tasmania broadly. This type of farming can take place in the urban area and the industrial hubs as well. It is a time-consuming process as it needs huge animal care, different facilities, and other costs may added. 

Mediterranean Agriculture

Mediterranean Agriculture is a process that can be seen in Europe. The name of the agriculture is Mediterranean Agriculture because it is seen mostly on both banks of the Mediterranean Sea. There are certain locations like California, Chile, Africa, and Australia that totally rely on this type of farming. Majorly citrus fruit cultivators and commercial agribusiness depend on this type of farming. Mediterranean Agriculture can be divided into so many subgroups as mentioned below. 

• Viticulture: It is the process of cultivation of grapes. 
• Gardening and Horticulture: Vegetables, fruits, and flowers can be cultivated here.
• Truck Farming: In this process, the most grown crop is vegetables.
• Factory Farming: It mainly relates to the rising animals majorly chicken and cattle. 

Conclusion – Class 12 Geography Notes Chapter 4 Types of Agriculture

Types of agriculture can be divided majorly into two parts including subsistence and commercial. Subsistence Agriculture is a form of agriculture where the cultivators or farmers consume almost all the products. In this farming the farms are tiny. Commercial Grain Cultivation is done in an interior in the semi-arid and mid-latitude regions. Mediterranean Agriculture is a process that can be seen in Europe. The name of the agriculture is Mediterranean Agriculture because it is seen mostly on both banks of the Mediterranean Sea. In this article, we have learned about the Class 12 Geography Chapter 4 subpart Types of Agriculture in detail. 

Also Read:

• Agriculture of the World
• Types of Agriculture in India
• Agricultural Development in India
• Different Types of Farming in India
• Types of Crops, Food Crops and Cash Crops
• What Is Urban Farming? Types and Benefits
• Types of Farming| Class 12 Geography Notes
• How many types of agriculture are there in India?
• Agricultural Diversification: Needs, Benefits and Types

Types of Agriculture- FAQs

What are the 4 types of agriculture?

The four main types of Agriculture are Subsistence Farming, Shifting Cultivation, Intensive Farming, and Pastoralism.

What are the main types of agriculture in India?

Arable, pastoral, mixed, subsistence, industrial, and organic agriculture are the six major types of agriculture. Each type has its own set of characteristics, challenges, and advantages. Agriculture is important to the Indian economy, with different regions having their own agricultural practices and crops.

What are the 4 types of irrigation?

Types of irrigation pertain to a range of approaches utilized to deliver water to crops, ensuring their growth and productivity. These approaches consist of surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, and sub-surface irrigation.

How many types of agriculture are there in India?

The farming systems that significantly contribute to the agriculture of India are subsistence farming, organic farming and commercial farming. Regions throughout India differ in types of farming they use, some are based on horticulture, ley farming, agroforestry, and many more.

What is the most common method of agriculture?

Conventional farming is the main farming method used during the 20th century and still dominates most farming today. Depending on national regulations, farmers are allowed to use chemical plant protectors and chemical fertilizers.

What is the difference between farming and agriculture?

Agriculture is covering a vast area, including production, research and development, and farming is implementing agricultural activities. Also, it is the science or function of farming, including cultivating the soil for growing crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.

What is farming?

Farming is the act or process of working the ground, planting seeds, and growing edible plants. You can also describe raising animals for milk or meat as farming. Farming is a great way to describe the lifestyle and work of people whose jobs are in the agriculture industry.