How to Schedule Notifications in Android? - Coding

In this article, we will see the process of scheduling notifications in Android for specific dates and times and also it can run both in the foreground and background. This is particularly valuable when developing apps that allow users to be notified of events at predefined moments enhancing the overall user experience. A sample video is given below to get an idea about what we will do in this article.

Step-by-Step Implementation

Step 1: Create a New Project in Android Studio

To create a new project in Android Studio please refer to How to Create/Start a New Project in Android Studio.

Note: we are using Kotlin as the programming language.

Step 2:

Open the AndroidMainfest File and Add Permissions For Notifications and Alarm that will be used to schedule Notifications

XML

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS" /> 
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM"/>

Step 3:

We have created the basic layout for the Date and Time Picker just for demonstration purposes.

activity_main.xml:

XML

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity"> 
  
    <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:paddingHorizontal="20dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        style="@style/Widget.MaterialComponents.TextInputLayout.OutlinedBox.Dense"> 
  
        <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputEditText
            android:id="@+id/title"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:hint="@string/title" /> 
  
    </com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout> 
  
    <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:paddingHorizontal="20dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        style="@style/Widget.MaterialComponents.TextInputLayout.OutlinedBox.Dense"> 
  
        <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputEditText
            android:id="@+id/message"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:hint="@string/message" /> 
  
    </com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout> 
  
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"> 
  
        <DatePicker
            android:id="@+id/datePicker"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:datePickerMode="spinner"
            android:calendarViewShown="false"
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:scaleY="0.7"
            android:scaleX="0.7"
            android:layout_marginLeft="-30dp"
            android:layout_marginRight="-30dp"
            /> 
        
        <TimePicker
            android:id="@+id/timePicker"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:timePickerMode="spinner"
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:scaleY="0.7"
            android:scaleX="0.7"
            android:layout_marginLeft="-30dp"
            android:layout_marginRight="-30dp"/> 
    </LinearLayout> 
  
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/submitButton"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:text="@string/schedule_notification"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/> 
  
</LinearLayout>

UI Output:

activity_main.xml

Step 4:

We are using view binding in this project you can also declare your views by findviewbyid to enable view binding navigate to Gradle Script > build.gradle(module) and add this.

viewBinding {
        enabled = true
}

Step 5:

Create New Kotlin Class this Kotlin class will be a BroadcastReceiver that is designed to handle incoming broadcasts and display a notification.

Notification.kt:

Kotlin

package com.ayush.assignment 
  
import android.app.NotificationManager 
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver 
import android.content.Context 
import android.content.Intent 
import androidx.core.app.NotificationCompat 
  
// Constants for notification 
const val notificationID = 121
const val channelID = "channel1"
const val titleExtra = "titleExtra"
const val messageExtra = "messageExtra"
  
// BroadcastReceiver for handling notifications 
class Notification : BroadcastReceiver() { 
  
    // Method called when the broadcast is received 
    override fun onReceive(context: Context, intent: Intent) { 
  
        // Build the notification using NotificationCompat.Builder 
        val notification = NotificationCompat.Builder(context, channelID) 
            .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher_foreground) 
            .setContentTitle(intent.getStringExtra(titleExtra)) // Set title from intent 
            .setContentText(intent.getStringExtra(messageExtra)) // Set content text from intent 
            .build() 
  
        // Get the NotificationManager service 
        val manager = context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) as NotificationManager 
  
        // Show the notification using the manager 
        manager.notify(notificationID, notification) 
    } 
} 

After creating class navigate to AndroidMainfest again and add this Broadcast Receiver Class that we created above in my case class name is Notification

<receiver
    android:name=".Notification"
    android:enabled="true"/>

Step 6:

Navigate to the Kotlin file corresponding to your layout. In the Kotlin code,users can input notification details. Upon clicking the “Submit” button the app schedules a notification after obtaining notification permissions. The scheduled notification is set to be displayed at the specified time by a confirmation dialog presenting notification details.

MainActivity.kt:

Kotlin

package com.horje.app 
  
import android.annotation.SuppressLint 
import android.app.AlarmManager 
import android.app.AlertDialog 
import android.app.NotificationChannel 
import android.app.NotificationManager 
import android.app.PendingIntent 
import android.content.Context 
import android.content.Intent 
import android.content.pm.PackageManager 
import android.os.Build 
import android.os.Bundle 
import android.provider.Settings 
import android.util.Log 
import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi 
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity 
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat 
import androidx.core.app.NotificationManagerCompat 
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat 
import com.ayush.assignment.databinding.ActivityMainBinding 
import java.util.Calendar 
import java.util.Date 
  
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { 
  
    private lateinit var binding: ActivityMainBinding 
  
    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O) 
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { 
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) 
        binding = ActivityMainBinding.inflate(layoutInflater) 
        setContentView(binding.root) 
  
        createNotificationChannel() 
  
        // Set onClickListener for the submit button 
        binding.submitButton.setOnClickListener { 
            // Check if notification permissions are granted 
            if (checkNotificationPermissions(this)) { 
                // Schedule a notification 
                scheduleNotification() 
            } 
        } 
    } 
  
    @SuppressLint("ScheduleExactAlarm") 
    private fun scheduleNotification() { 
        // Create an intent for the Notification BroadcastReceiver 
        val intent = Intent(applicationContext, Notification::class.java) 
  
        // Extract title and message from user input 
        val title = binding.title.text.toString() 
        val message = binding.message.text.toString() 
  
        // Add title and message as extras to the intent 
        intent.putExtra(titleExtra, title) 
        intent.putExtra(messageExtra, message) 
  
        // Create a PendingIntent for the broadcast 
        val pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast( 
            applicationContext, 
            notificationID, 
            intent, 
            PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE or PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT 
        ) 
  
        // Get the AlarmManager service 
        val alarmManager = getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE) as AlarmManager 
  
        // Get the selected time and schedule the notification 
        val time = getTime() 
        alarmManager.setExactAndAllowWhileIdle( 
            AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, 
            time, 
            pendingIntent 
        ) 
  
        // Show an alert dialog with information  
          // about the scheduled notification 
        showAlert(time, title, message) 
    } 
  
    private fun showAlert(time: Long, title: String, message: String) { 
        // Format the time for display 
        val date = Date(time) 
        val dateFormat = android.text.format.DateFormat.getLongDateFormat(applicationContext) 
        val timeFormat = android.text.format.DateFormat.getTimeFormat(applicationContext) 
  
        // Create and show an alert dialog with notification details 
        AlertDialog.Builder(this) 
            .setTitle("Notification Scheduled") 
            .setMessage( 
                "Title: $title\nMessage: $message\nAt: ${dateFormat.format(date)} ${timeFormat.format(date)}"
            ) 
            .setPositiveButton("Okay") { _, _ -> } 
            .show() 
    } 
  
    private fun getTime(): Long { 
        // Get selected time from TimePicker and DatePicker 
        val minute = binding.timePicker.minute 
        val hour = binding.timePicker.hour 
        val day = binding.datePicker.dayOfMonth 
        val month = binding.datePicker.month 
        val year = binding.datePicker.year 
  
        // Create a Calendar instance and set the selected date and time 
        val calendar = Calendar.getInstance() 
        calendar.set(year, month, day, hour, minute) 
  
         
        return calendar.timeInMillis 
    } 
  
    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O) 
    private fun createNotificationChannel() { 
        // Create a notification channel for devices running 
          // Android Oreo (API level 26) and above 
        val name = "Notify Channel"
        val desc = "A Description of the Channel"
        val importance = NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT 
        val channel = NotificationChannel(channelID, name, importance) 
        channel.description = desc 
  
        // Get the NotificationManager service and create the channel 
        val notificationManager = getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) as NotificationManager 
        notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel) 
    } 
  
    fun checkNotificationPermissions(context: Context): Boolean { 
        // Check if notification permissions are granted 
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) { 
            val notificationManager = 
                context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) as NotificationManager 
  
            val isEnabled = notificationManager.areNotificationsEnabled() 
  
            if (!isEnabled) { 
                // Open the app notification settings if notifications are not enabled 
                val intent = Intent(Settings.ACTION_APP_NOTIFICATION_SETTINGS) 
                intent.putExtra(Settings.EXTRA_APP_PACKAGE, context.packageName) 
                context.startActivity(intent) 
  
                return false
            } 
        } else { 
            val areEnabled = NotificationManagerCompat.from(context).areNotificationsEnabled() 
  
            if (!areEnabled) { 
                // Open the app notification settings if notifications are not enabled 
                val intent = Intent(Settings.ACTION_APP_NOTIFICATION_SETTINGS) 
                intent.putExtra(Settings.EXTRA_APP_PACKAGE, context.packageName) 
                context.startActivity(intent) 
  
                return false
            } 
        } 
  
        // Permissions are granted 
        return true
    } 
} 

Output:

Reffered: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org

Android

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