A sparse array is an array in which not all elements have been assigned a value. This means that there are “holes” or undefined slots in the array where no value is explicitly set.

Example: Here, the array sparseArray has a length of 4, but only two elements have values ('one' at index 1 and 'three' at index 3). The slots at index 0 and 2 are undefined, creating a sparse array.

[ <1 empty item>, 'one', <1 empty item>, 'three' ]
4