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Difference Between 70s and 80s Ribosomes

Ribosomes are important molecules to life on Earth, Ribosomes were discovered by George E. Palade in the year 1955 as a small component in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes are made up of a combination of proteins and RNA, both of which are essential for life. This procedure by which information is encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) instruction by the addition of amino acids during the protein synthesis process. This  process is referred to as translation, As ribosomes read the information carried in mRNA molecules and use it to produce a specific protein molecule utilizing tRNA molecules as their building blocks,  

Ribosome

Ribosomes are primary cellular components that are involved in protein synthesis. Proteins play various important roles in the human body – such as repairing cellular damage to providing structural support. Cells are divided into two groups that are prokaryotes and eukaryotes, each with its own special ribosome structure. Eukaryotic cells consist of 80S ribosomes while prokaryotes consist of 70S ribosomes. 

Similarities in 70S and 80S Ribosomes

  • Both the 70S and 80S ribosomes are ribonucleoprotein complexes made up of proteins and rRNA. 
  • Both types of ribosomes have a single strand of rRNA in the smaller subunit. 
  • Both 70s and 80S ribosomes serve as workstations for protein synthesis.

Also Read: RNA

70S and 80S Ribosomes

 

Difference Between the 70S and 80S Ribosomes

Feature

70s Ribosomes

80s Ribosomes
Cells 70s Ribosomes are found in most prokaryotic cells such as bacteria and they are also present in some eukaryotic cells.  80s Ribosomes are mainly found in eukaryotic cells. 
Found This ribosome In prokaryotic cells is found mostly in a free state inside the cytoplasm, but in the case of eukaryotic cells, they are present in some organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts. These ribosomes are usually found in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum surface. 
Synthesis Their synthesis usually occurs on the inner side of the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells. Their synthesis usually occurs on the inner side of the nucleolus. 
Subunits 70s Ribosomes consist of the smaller subunit 30S and larger is 50S 80s Ribosomes consist of smaller subunits of 40S and larger subunits of 50s. 
sedimentation coefficient This ribosome’s sedimentation coefficient is 70.  This ribosome’s sedimentation coefficient is approx 80. 
RNA Molecules Three RNA molecules had to be synthesized in order to produce one ribosome. It consists of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. Ribosome production was necessary for the synthesis of 04 different rRNAs, the 5S rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and 28S rRNA, with more than 70 ribosomal proteins.
Molecular Weight  The molecular weight of the 70S ribosome is around  2.5 MDa, and one-third of this is accounted for by proteins. The molecular weight of the 80S ribosome is around 3.5 MDa in lower eukaryotes to 4.0 MDa in higher eukaryotes.
 Protein Molecules There are approximately 55 protein molecules, with 34 in larger subunits and 21 in smaller subunits in 70s ribosomes.  There are approximately 73 protein molecules, with 40 in larger subunits and 33 in smaller subunits. 
Amino Acids It has approximately 8,000 amino acids. It has approximately 16,000 amino acids. 
RNA-to-Protein ratio The RNA-to-Protein ratio is 2:1.  The RNA-to-Protein ratio is 1:1. 
Antibiotics  Antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis.  Antibiotics do not inhibit protein synthesis. 

FAQs on 70s and 80s Ribosomes

Question 1: Which one of the Scientists discovered a ribosome for the first time?

Answer:

The ribosome was discovered by George E. Palade in 1955 as a small component in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes are necessary to human life. They exist in different forms in different cells.

Question 2: Which components of the ribosome are made of?

Answer:

Ribosomes are made up of a combination of proteins and RNA, both of which are essential for life. Both play a significant role in the production of ribosomes. Protein are help in protein synthesis.

Question 3: Which of the following cells are Ribosomes present?

Answer:

The Ribosomes are found in most prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. They are present in different foam in a prokaryotic cell the is consist of 70s ribosomes and eukaryotic cells consist of 80s ribosomes.

Question 4: In which of the following year ribosome has been discovered?

Answer:

George E. Palade first identified ribosomes as a tiny cytoplasmic component in the year 1955. Protein synthesis is mostly carried out by ribosomes, which are essential biological components.


 


Reffered: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org

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