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Change case of all characters in a .txt file using Python

In this article, we will learn how to change the case of all characters present in a text file using Python. We will use Python methods Python upper() to change all characters to upper case, and Python lower() to change all characters to lower case.

For example, If we have text file data.txt as shown below.

 

Change all characters to uppercase from the text file

In this method, we will read line by line from the text file and change the case, and write that line to a new text file. We will read each line from this file, change the case and write it into an output.txt file.

Python3

with open('data.txt', 'r') as data_file:
     
    # open output.txt file in append mode
    with open('output.txt', 'a') as output_file:
         
        # read each line from data.txt
        for line in data_file:
             
            # change case for the line and write
            # it into output file
            output_file.write(line.upper())

Output:

Change all characters to uppercase from the text file

 

Change all characters to lowercase from the text file

In this method, we will read the entire file, convert the case of all characters and write it into the new file. Here also we will take the same txt file data.txt and read the entire file and convert characters to lowercase using the lower() method and write to the output.txt file.

Python3

with open('data.txt', 'r') as data_file:
     
    # open output.txt file in append mode
    with open('output.txt', 'a') as output_file:
         
        # read data.txt file, convert case,
        # and write to output.txt file
        output_file.write(data_file.read().lower())

Output:

Change all characters to lowercase from the text file

 

Capitalize the first letter of each word from the text file

The first letter of each word found in the text file will be capitalized in this manner. The input file will be the same data.txt file. We need an inbuilt technique to simply change the first letter to uppercase. Therefore, using a new function, we will loop through each word in the file and change the case of the word’s first letter.

Python3

def capitalize_first_letter(wrd):
    # convert first letter to upper and
    # append the rest of the string to it
    return wrd[0].upper() + wrd[1:].lower()
 
# open data.txt file in reading mode
with open('data.txt', 'r') as data_file:
   
    # open output.txt file in append mode
    with open('output.txt', 'a') as output_file:
       
        # traverse each line in data.txt file
        for line in data_file:
           
            # split line into words
            word_list = line.split()
             
            # apply function capitalize_first_letter
            # on each word in current line
            word_list = [capitalize_first_letter(word) for word in word_list]
             
            # write the line into output.txt file after
            # capitalizing the first letter in a word
            # in the current line
            output_file.write(" ".join(word_list) + "\n")

Output:

Capitalize the first letter of each word from the text file

 


 


Reffered: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org

Python

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Category:
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