$args = array(
                'post_type'      => 'posts',
                'posts_per_page' => -1,
                'post_status'    => array('publish'),
                'meta_query'     => array(
               array(
                 'key' => 'boxes',
                 'value'   => array('22','23'),
                 'compare' => 'IN',
               ),
		array(
                 'key' => 'operations_type',
                 'compare' => 'NOT EXISTS',
               ),
	      array(
                 'key' => 'votes',
                 'value' => $id,
                 'compare' => '!=',
               ),
              ),
             );

Solution - 1

Hello there, if you store the "votes" key as an array you must edit the code to be

$args = array(
'post_type' => 'posts',
'posts_per_page' => -1,
'post_status' => array('publish'),
'meta_query' => array(
'relation' => 'AND',  /* You can use  AND for all conditions  /  Use OR if any condition is true */
array(
'key' => 'boxes',
'value' => array('22','23'),
'compare' => 'IN',
),
array(
'key' => 'operations_type',
'compare' => 'NOT EXISTS',
),
array(
'key' => 'votes',
'value' => $id,
'compare' => 'NOT IN',
),
),
);

Solution - 2

Hello! I have a feeling that the metafield "votes" would be an array containing the ids of all the users that voted the post, isn't it? If that is the case it should be 'compare' => 'NOT IN' another thing maybe try to specify the parameter "relation" on top of the metaquery, like: 'meta_query' => array( 'relation' => 'AND', array( ...

Solution - 3

You may need to get the values of the votes into an array.

//get all values regardless of the key
$all_values = get_post_meta(get_the_ID(), '', true);

//you could do print_r($all_values) to see how the array is structured. It will most likely be like this:
// //Array ( [votes] => Array ( [0] => value_1 ), [another_key] => Array ( [0] => value_2 ) )

//based on this array, you can now loop 
$votes_array = $all_values['votes'];

Solution - 4

If you want a query that return result from multiple meta keys

$args = array(
'post_type' => 'posts',
'posts_per_page' => -1,
'post_status' => array('publish'),
'meta_query' => array(
'relation' => 'AND',
array(
'key' => 'boxes',
'value' => array('22','23'),
'compare' => 'IN',
),
array(
'key' => 'operations_type',
'compare' => 'NOT EXISTS',
),
array(
'key' => 'votes',
'value' => $id,
'compare' => 'NOT IN',
),
),
);