https://demo.gumlet.com/lemon.jpeg?mode=fill&fill=solid&width=500&height=500&fill-color=c0c0c0&format=auto

the_post_thumbnail_extended( 
  array( 
    'mode'  => 'fill',
		'fill'  => 'solid',
		'w'  	=> '300',
		'h'  	=> '200',
	), 
	array( 
		300,
		200 
	), 
	array( 
		'class'  => 'my-image' 
	), 
); 		

<img src="https://www.example.com/wp-content/uploads/post-thumbnail.jpg?mode=fill&fill=solid&w=300&h=200" class="my-image wp-post-image" alt="alt text" width="300" height="200">

Solution - 1

You can modify the image src using a filter:

function filter_image_attributes( $attr, $attachment, $size ) {
        $attr['src'] .= '?mode=fill&fill=solid&w=300&h=200';
        return $attr;
}
add_filter( 'wp_get_attachment_image_attributes', 'filter_image_attributes', 10, 3 );

        $params = ['mode' => 'mode', 'fill' => 'solid', 'w' => 300, 'h' => 200];

        add_filter( 'wp_get_attachment_image_attributes', function ( $attr, $attachment, $size ) use ( $params ) {
            $attr['src'] .= sprintf( '?mode=%s&fill=%s&w=%d&h=%d', $params['mode'], $params['fill'], $params['w'], $params['h'] );
            return $attr;
        }, 10, 3 );

        the_post_thumbnail();

Solution - 2

or you can use following all functions.

function the_post_thumbnail_extended( $aj_args, $size = 'post-thumbnail', $attr = '' ) {
       echo get_the_post_thumbnail_extended( $aj_args, null, $size, $attr );
}

function get_the_post_thumbnail_extended( $aj_args, $post = null, $size = 'post-thumbnail', $attr = '' ) {
         $post = get_post( $post );
 	        if ( ! $post ) {
                 return '';
         }
         $post_thumbnail_id = get_post_thumbnail_id( $post );
 
        
 	        $size = apply_filters( 'post_thumbnail_size', $size, $post->ID );
 
         if ( $post_thumbnail_id ) {
 	
 	             
                 do_action( 'begin_fetch_post_thumbnail_html', $post->ID, $post_thumbnail_id, $size );
                 if ( in_the_loop() ) {
                         update_post_thumbnail_cache();
 	                }
                 $html = wp_get_attachment_image_extended( $aj_args, $post_thumbnail_id, $size, false, $attr );
 
 
 	                do_action( 'end_fetch_post_thumbnail_html', $post->ID, $post_thumbnail_id, $size );
 
 	        } else {
                 $html = '';
         }
 
        return apply_filters( 'post_thumbnail_html', $html, $post->ID, $post_thumbnail_id, $size, $attr );
 	}
	
	
	
	function wp_get_attachment_image_extended( $aj_args, $attachment_id, $size = 'thumbnail', $icon = false, $attr = '' ) {
 	        $html  = '';
 	        $image = wp_get_attachment_image_src( $attachment_id, $size, $icon );
 	        if ( $image ) {
 	                list( $src, $width, $height ) = $image;
 	                $hwstring                     = image_hwstring( $width, $height );
 	                $size_class                   = $size;
 	                if ( is_array( $size_class ) ) {
 	                        $size_class = join( 'x', $size_class );
 	                }
 	                $attachment   = get_post( $attachment_id );
					
					$src = $src.'?mode='.$aj_args['mode'].'&fill='.$aj_args['fill'].'&w='.$aj_args['w'].'&h='.$aj_args['h'];
					
					
 	                $default_attr = array(
 	                        'src'   => $src,
 	                        'class' => "attachment-$size_class size-$size_class",
 	                        'alt'   => trim( strip_tags( get_post_meta( $attachment_id, '_wp_attachment_image_alt', true ) ) ),
 	                );
					
					 
 	                $attr = wp_parse_args( $attr, $default_attr );
 	
 	                // Generate 'srcset' and 'sizes' if not already present.
 	                if ( empty( $attr['srcset'] ) ) {
 	                        $image_meta = wp_get_attachment_metadata( $attachment_id );
 	
 	                        if ( is_array( $image_meta ) ) {
 	                                $size_array = array( absint( $width ), absint( $height ) );
 	                                $srcset     = wp_calculate_image_srcset( $size_array, $src, $image_meta, $attachment_id );
 	                                $sizes      = wp_calculate_image_sizes( $size_array, $src, $image_meta, $attachment_id );
 	
 	                                if ( $srcset && ( $sizes || ! empty( $attr['sizes'] ) ) ) {
 	                                        $attr['srcset'] = $srcset;
 	
 	                                        if ( empty( $attr['sizes'] ) ) {
 	                                                $attr['sizes'] = $sizes;
 	                                        }
 	                                }
 	                        }
 	                }
 	
 
 	                $attr = apply_filters( 'wp_get_attachment_image_attributes', $attr, $attachment, $size );
 	                $attr = array_map( 'esc_attr', $attr );
 	                $html = rtrim( "<img $hwstring" );
 	                foreach ( $attr as $name => $value ) {
 	                        $html .= " $name=" . '"' . $value . '"';
 	                }
 	                $html .= ' />';
 	        }
 	
 	        return $html;
 	}

Solution - 3

Please try this, it's the same with the_post_thumbnail but added third parameter to accept arrays of attribute for the image src.

function the_post_thumbnail_extended( $size = 'post-thumbnail', $attr = '', $params = array() ) {
    
    $thumbnail = get_the_post_thumbnail( $size, $attr ); // get the thumbnail

    if (empty($params)) echo $thumbnail; // return the thumbnail if $params is empty

    $thumbnail_src = get_the_post_thumbnail_url( $size ); // get the image url for this thumbnail

    $thumbnail_src_new = add_query_arg( $params, $thumbnail_src ); // create a new url by adding $params to the url of the image

    echo  str_replace($thumbnail_src, $thumbnail_src_new, $thumbnail); // replace the old url with the new one.
}

Solution - 4

I tried Arnav's code it works, great job Arnav. But if the third parameter is left blank you can get these warnings showing on the frontend. Warning: Illegal string offset 'mode' in Warning: Illegal string offset 'fill' in Warning: Illegal string offset 'w' in Warning: Illegal string offset 'h' in this happened on line number 48, So Here I suggest a correction that checks if the array is not empty

if(!empty($aj_args)){

if(!empty($aj_args)){

	$imgquery = '?';
	$counter = 0;
	// More flexible way to build the image query 
	
	foreach($aj_args as $key=>$value){
		
		$imgquery.=$key;
		$imgquery.='=';
		$imgquery.=$value;
		// Removes the last & sign
		if( $counter != count( $aj_args ) - 1) {
			$imgquery .= '&';
		}
		$counter++;
	}
	print_r($imgquery);

//Old code	$src = $src.'?mode='.$aj_args['mode'].'&fill='.$aj_args['fill'].'&w='.$aj_args['w'].'&h='.$aj_args['h'];
	
    $src = $src.$imgquery

}

foreach($aj_args as $key=>$value){
		
		$imgquery.=$key;
		$imgquery.='=';
		$imgquery.=$value;
		// Removes the last & sign
		if( $counter != count( $aj_args ) - 1) {
			$imgquery .= '&';
		}
		$counter++;
	}
	print_r($imgquery);

//Old code	$src = $src.'?mode='.$aj_args['mode'].'&fill='.$aj_args['fill'].'&w='.$aj_args['w'].'&h='.$aj_args['h'];
	
    $src = $src.$imgquery

if(!empty($aj_args)){

	$imgquery = '?';
	$counter = 0;
	// More flexible way to build the image query 
	
	foreach($aj_args as $key=>$value){
		
		$imgquery.=$key;
		$imgquery.='=';
		$imgquery.=$value;
		// Removes the last & sign
		if( $counter != count( $aj_args ) - 1) {
			$imgquery .= '&';
		}
		$counter++;
	}
	
//Arnav's code	 $src = $src.'?mode='.$aj_args['mode'].'&fill='.$aj_args['fill'].'&w='.$aj_args['w'].'&h='.$aj_args['h'];
	
// New $src with abstracted $imagequery

$src = $src.$imgquery

}