Reciprocal identities are a fundamental concept in trigonometry that simplify various calculations and proofs. These identities are the reciprocals of the six primary trigonometric functions: sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant, and cotangent.

Each of these six trigonometric ratio are related with another trigonometric ratio to form the reciprocal identity. In this article, we will discuss all six reciprocal relations between these ratios including their proof.

What are Trigonometric Identities?

Trigonometric identities are equations involving trigonometric functions that are true for all values of the involved variables where both sides of the equation are defined. These identities are fundamental tools in trigonometry, used to simplify expressions, solve equations, and prove various mathematical theorems.

Here are some key trigonometric identities:

• Pythagorean Trigonometric Identities
• Reciprocal Identities
• Co-Function Identities
• Sum and Difference Identities
• Double-Angle Identities
• Half Angle Identities
• Triple Angle Identities

In this article, we will discuss reciprocal identities in detail.

What are Reciprocal Identities?

Reciprocal identities in trigonometry express the relationship between a trigonometric function and its reciprocal. Each of the six primary trigonometric functions has a reciprocal function. Sin is related to cosec, cos is related to sec and tan is related to cot in reciprocal identities.

Reciprocal Identities Formulas

Formulas for reciprocal identities are:

• [Tex]\sin(x) = \frac{1}{\cosec(x)}, \text{ OR }\cosec(x) = \frac{1}{\sin(x)} [/Tex]
• [Tex]\cos(x) = \frac{1}{\sec(x)}, \text{ OR }\sec(x) = \frac{1}{\cos(x)}[/Tex]
• [Tex]\tan(x) = \frac{1}{\cot(x)}, \text{ OR }\cot(x) = \frac{1}{\tan(x)}[/Tex]

Proof of Reciprocal Identities

Here we will discuss the proof for each identity.

Proof of Reciprocal of Sin x = 1/Cosec x

The sine of an angle x is defined as the ratio of the length of the side opposite the angle to the length of the hypotenuse in a right triangle, or as the y-coordinate of a point on the unit circle:

[Tex]\sin(x) = \frac{\text{opposite}}{\text{hypotenuse}}[/Tex]

The cosecant of an angle x is defined as the reciprocal of the sine:

[Tex]\cosec(x) = \frac{\text{hypotenuse}}{\text{opposite}} = \frac{1}{\sin(x)}[/Tex]

Thus, [Tex]\sin(x) = \frac{1}{\cosec(x)}[/Tex]

Similarly, [Tex]\cosec(x) = \frac{1}{\sin(x)}[/Tex] can also be proved.

Proof of Reciprocal of Cos x = 1/Sec x

The cosine of an angle x is defined as the ratio of the length of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse in a right triangle, or as the x-coordinate of a point on the unit circle:

[Tex]\cos(x) = \frac{\text{adjacent}}{\text{hypotenuse}}[/Tex]

The secant of an angle x is defined as the reciprocal of the cosine:

[Tex]\sec(x) = \frac{\text{hypotenuse}}{\text{adjacent}} = \frac{1}{\cos(x)}[/Tex]

Thus, [Tex]\cos(x) = \frac{1}{\sec(x)}[/Tex]

Similarly, [Tex]\sec(x) = \frac{1}{\cos(x)}[/Tex] can also be proved.

Proof of Reciprocal of Tan x = 1/Cot x

The tangent of an angle x is defined as the ratio of the sine to the cosine:

\tan(x) = \frac{\sin(x)}{\cos(x)}

The cotangent of an angle x is defined as the reciprocal of the tangent:

[Tex]\cot(x) = \frac{\cos(x)}{\sin(x)} = \frac{1}{\tan(x)}[/Tex]

Thus, [Tex] \tan(x) = \frac{1}{\cot(x)}[/Tex]

Similarly, [Tex]\cot(x) = \frac{1}{\tan(x)}[/Tex] can also be proved.

Applications of Reciprocal Identities

Reciprocal identities are fundamental in trigonometry and find applications across various fields such as engineering, physics, computer science, and more. Here are some key applications of reciprocal identities:

• Simplifying Trigonometric Expressions: Reciprocal identities are used to simplify complex trigonometric expressions, making it easier to solve equations or evaluate functions.

• Solving Trigonometric Equations: Reciprocal identities can aid in solving trigonometric equations by converting unfamiliar functions into more manageable forms.

• Modeling Periodic Phenomena: In engineering and physics, reciprocal identities help model periodic phenomena such as sound waves, light waves, and alternating current circuits.

• Electrical Engineering: Reciprocal identities are crucial in AC circuit analysis. The impedance of components in an AC circuit can be expressed in terms of sine and cosine functions, and converting these to their reciprocal forms can simplify the analysis and design of circuits.

Read More,

• Trigonometry
• Trigonometry Table
• Trigonometry Function Graphs

Reciprocal Identities Solved Problems

Problem 1: Simplify the expression [Tex]\frac{1}{\sin x} + \frac{1}{\cos x}[/Tex].

Solution:

Using the reciprocal identities, we know:

[Tex]\frac{1}{\sin x} = \cosec x \quad \text{and} \quad \frac{1}{\cos x} = \sec x[/Tex]

So, the expression becomes:

cosec x + sec x

Problem 2: Solve for x if cot x = 2.

Solution:

Using the reciprocal identity cot x = 1/tan x, we can write:

[Tex]\cot x = 2 \implies \frac{1}{\tan x} = 2 \implies \tan x = \frac{1}{2}[/Tex]

We need to find the values of x such that:

tan x = 1/2

The general solution for tan x = k is:

[Tex]x = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) + n\pi \quad \text{for} \quad n \in \mathbb{Z}[/Tex]

Problem 3: Verify the identity cosec x – sin x = cot x cos x.

Solution:

First, use the reciprocal identity for cosec x:

cosec x = 1/sin x

The left-hand side of the identity becomes:

cosec x – sin x = 1/sin x – sin x

Combine the terms over a common denominator:

[Tex]\frac{1 – \sin^2 x}{\sin x} = \frac{\cos^2 x}{\sin x}[/Tex]

Using the identity [Tex] \cos^2 x = 1 – \sin^2 x[/Tex], the expression simplifies to:

[Tex]\frac{\cos^2 x}{\sin x} = \cos x \cdot \frac{\cos x}{\sin x} = \cos x \cdot \cot x[/Tex]

So, we have: [Tex]\cosec x – \sin x = \cot x \cos x[/Tex]

Problem 4: Find the exact value of sec θ given that sin θ = 3/5.

Solution:

First, we use the Pythagorean identity to find cos θ:

[Tex]\sin^2 \theta + \cos^2 \theta = 1[/Tex]

[Tex]\Rightarrow \left(\frac{3}{5}\right)^2 + \cos^2 \theta = 1[/Tex]

[Tex]\Rightarrow \frac{9}{25} + \cos^2 \theta = 1[/Tex]

[Tex]\Rightarrow \cos^2 \theta = 1 – \frac{9}{25} = \frac{16}{25}[/Tex]

[Tex]\Rightarrow \cos \theta = \pm \frac{4}{5}[/Tex]

Since \sec \theta = \frac{1}{\cos \theta}, we have:

\sec \theta = \pm \frac{5}{4}

Problem 5: Simplify cot x cosec x.

Solution:

Using the reciprocal identities:

[Tex]\cot x = \frac{1}{\tan x} = \frac{\cos x}{\sin x} \quad \text{and} \quad \cosec x = \frac{1}{\sin x}[/Tex]

So, the expression becomes:

[Tex]\cot x \cosec x = \frac{\cos x}{\sin x} \cdot \frac{1}{\sin x} = \frac{\cos x}{\sin^2 x}[/Tex]

Practice Problems on Reciprocal Identities

Problem 1: Simplify the expression 1/sin⁡x + 1/cos⁡x.

Problem 2: If cosec ⁡θ = 3, find sin⁡ θ.

Problem 3: Simplify the expression cot ⁡x cosec ⁡x.

Problem 4: Solve for x if cot⁡ x = √3.

Problem 5: Verify the identity sec⁡²x − tan⁡²x = 1.

Problem 6: Simplify sec⁡ x ⋅ cos ⁡x.

FAQs on Reciprocal Identities

What are reciprocal identities in trigonometry?

Reciprocal identities are fundamental trigonometric identities that relate the sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant functions. These identities express one trigonometric function as the reciprocal of another.

What are the basic reciprocal identities?

The basic reciprocal identities are:

[Tex]\sin x = \frac{1}{\csc x}, \quad \cos x = \frac{1}{\sec x}, \quad \tan x = \frac{1}{\cot x}[/Tex]

Additionally,

[Tex]\csc x = \frac{1}{\sin x}, \quad \sec x = \frac{1}{\cos x}, \quad \cot x = \frac{1}{\tan x}[/Tex]

How do reciprocal identities help in solving trigonometric equations?

Reciprocal identities can simplify trigonometric equations by converting functions into more convenient forms. They allow us to express all functions in terms of sine and cosine, making it easier to solve equations.

Can reciprocal identities be used to verify other trigonometric identities?

Yes, reciprocal identities are often used to verify more complex trigonometric identities. By expressing functions in terms of their reciprocals, we can simplify and manipulate expressions to prove equalities.

How do reciprocal identities relate to the unit circle?

On the unit circle, the reciprocal identities relate to the coordinates of a point corresponding to an angle x. For example, if sin ⁡x is the y-coordinate, cosec ⁡x is the reciprocal of this y-coordinate. Similarly, if cos ⁡x is the x-coordinate, sec ⁡x is the reciprocal of this x-coordinate.

Are reciprocal identities applicable to all angles?

Reciprocal identities are applicable to all angles where the trigonometric functions are defined. However, at angles where the original function is zero, its reciprocal will be undefined. For instance, sec⁡ x is undefined where cos ⁡x = 0.