Answer: Hybrid topology refers to a network setup that combines types of structures, like star, ring, bus or mesh to form a network. This give strengths, addresses the weaknesses of each structure, enhance network performance, reliability, and scalability.

Here’s how hybrid topology effectively combines these attributes

1. Enhanced Fault Tolerance: By integrating elements from topologies hybrid networks can improve fault tolerance. For instance combining a ring or mesh topology with a star topology can help mitigate vulnerabilities associated with hub connectivity. In case of hub failure in a star setup incorporating aspects of mesh topology where nodes are interconnected offers data paths. Ensures continued network operation even if one connection fails.

2. Scalability: One advantage of topologies is their flexibility for scaling compared to using one type of structure. Networks can easily expand by incorporating topologies that suit the area being expanded. For example utilizing a bus topology for backbone connections, with star networks branching out from it allows for addition, removal or modification of network components without disrupting the entire system.

Conclusion

In conclusion, hybrid topology synthesizes the strengths of star, ring, bus, and mesh topologies into a cohesive network architecture.