Answer: Converting an ER diagram into tables involves a systematic process starting from table mapping to refining and reviewing.

Step 1: Analyze the Entities

• Identify each distinct entity in the diagram represented by a rectangle.
• Examine the attributes associated with each entity which are its characteristics represented by ellipses within the rectangle.

Step 2: Create Separate Tables for Each Entity

• For each entity, create a corresponding table in the database with each attribute as a column in the table.
• Assign the primary key as a column in the respective table.

Step 3: Map Relationships

• For one-to-many relationships, add a foreign key in the “many” table referencing the “one” table’s primary key.
• For many-to-many, create a linking table with foreign keys to both related tables.

Step 4: Normalize the Tables

• Analyze the tables for redundancies and potential data inconsistencies.
• Apply normalization techniques like decomposition to split tables and eliminate redundancy, improving data integrity and reducing storage space.

Step 5: Verify and Refine

• Review the created tables and relationships for accuracy and efficiency.
• Refine the schema as needed based on further analysis or specific requirements of your database.