Physical quantities are fundamental concepts in physics that can be measured or quantified. They provide a way to describe the properties of the physical world in a precise and standardized manner. These quantities can be categorized into two types:

1. Scalar Quantities: Scalar quantities have only magnitude and no direction. Examples include mass, temperature, and time. When you measure them, you get a numerical value with a unit, like 5 kg or 25°C.
2. Vector Quantities: Vector quantities have both magnitude and direction. Examples include velocity, force, and displacement. When you measure vector quantities, you get a numerical value along with a unit and a specific direction, such as 20 m/s east or 10 N north.

Physical quantities serve as the foundation for scientific measurements and calculations, allowing scientists and engineers to understand and manipulate the physical world effectively.